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I Feel so Attached : Influence of Attachment Orientations on Leader Perception, Transference and Prototypicality
EMLYON Business School - 2017 - 184 p.
"Previous literature has argued that leadership is created by both leaders and followers alike; leaders and followers constantly and mutually influence each other's perceptions, emotions, and behavior. Based on this research, I argue and examine leadership impressions through a follower-centric attachment theory perspective across three chapters in the presented dissertation. Firstly, I discuss attachment orientations as possible antecedents for leader preferences, in particular the degree of
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leader autonomy, i.e. to which degree individuals with different attachment orientations differ in preferring an autonomous and self-reliant leader. Results of two studies indicate that highly avoidant attached individuals prefer an autonomous leadership style, while individuals who score high on anxious attachment prefer a less autonomous leadership style. Secondly, using an online experimental research design, I examine and find that attachment orientations serve as possible antecedents to socio-cognitive processes related to the transfer of expectations from a previous leader to a new one. Findings indicated that individuals scoring higher on anxious attachment are more likely to hold high just treatment expectations of new, similar leaders. Conversely, avoidant persons held low just treatment expectations of new similar leaders and perceived new similar leaders as less effective. In addition, more general and relationship-specific attachment working models played a role depending on whether it predicted broader cognitive concepts such as perceived leader effectiveness. Third, observed cognitive transference effects were moderated by culture. These observations are in line with a dynamic view of adult attachment organization and with broader models of situated social cognition. Finally, in a sample of informal student teams, I examine attachment orientations as antecedents of leader prototypicality. Findings indicated that avoidantly attached individuals were likely to be perceived as leader prototypical than anxiously or securely attached individuals. Findings are interpreted based on the nature of the work task, and in the context of an evolutionary perspective of attachment orientations. In sum, this dissertation highlights the importance of attachment orientations in the perception of leaders, followers' transfer of expectations from previous to new leaders, and the emergence of leadership in team settings."
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